Debian Dual Boot

Table of Contents

1 How to follow this guide

Every section has a source link given, which describes how to execute a certain step in detail. If you are completely familiar with the process of installation and have trouble in particular steps, you should directly visit the sources mentioned for clarification. However, if you are installing Debian for the first time and you have no idea how to do it, I suggest you read an entire section/subsection first before proceeding to follow the steps or read the sources listed in it. If you don't understand a certain term, feel free to search it online (use startpage instead of google!) and learn about it so you'll feel less clueless about what's going on!

2 Prerequisites

  • An empty USB (If you have a live USB, you can skip the Make a bootable USB section)
  • Stable internet connection for installing updates and downloading ISO
  • Little amount of patience to read instructions both in this document and listed sources, and following steps accordingly 😄

3 Download debian ISO

Source: https://markontech.com/linux/create-a-debian-bootable-usb-in-windows-10/

You can download the Debian ISO from this site: https://www.debian.org/distrib/

It is recommended to download A larger complete installation image as installing Debian from it doesn't require an internet connection during the installation process. Make sure to install DVD-1 (as opposed to DVD-2 or DVD-3). Use the following link to download, if your device supports x86-64 architecture: https://cdimage.debian.org/debian-cd/current/amd64/bt-dvd/

4 Make a bootable USB

Source: https://markontech.com/linux/create-a-debian-bootable-usb-in-windows-10/

You can skip this step if you are already have a bootable USB
If you are on Windows, Rufus is a nice utility to create bootable USBs. Download Rufus from this site: https://rufus.ie/

5 Creating free disk space

Source: https://www.linuxtechi.com/dual-boot-windows-10-debian-10/

  1. Open the Disk Management window by searching for Create disk partition in the start menu or running diskmgmt.msc in the Run dialogue.
  2. Make sure you have the necessary amount of unallocated space. I recommend to allocate a minimum of 30GB for Debian (If you want to allocate more, then go straight ahead!). If you don't have unallocated space, follow the steps in the source above to create some.

Some points to be noted:

  • C drive cannot be resized however you wish; Windows puts some restrictions on that. However, it should be safe as long as you allocate free space in Windows itself (as opposed to allocating it in Debian during installation, which we'll be talking about in later steps)
  • In disks that follow the MBR partition table, there can only be up to 4 primary partitions. If you aren't able to create a partition and you already have 4 primary partitions, that's probably the reason. Some things you can do are:
    • If you have a storage partition that's empty or occupies less space, you can copy its contents to another partition and delete it. Then, create an extended partition that let's you create any number of logical partitions. Don't be scared by the terms, they are simply partitions and you can use them as you use a primary partition.
    • Consider installing Debian in another internal or external hard disk. However, installing on external hard disk might cause performance to reduce, and it simply might not be convenient to carry it around all the time (You can still do it though!).

6 Installing Debian

The following source is used for this entire section
Source: https://www.linuxtechi.com/dual-boot-windows-10-debian-10/

6.1 Boot into USB

Source: https://www.businessinsider.in/tech/how-to-boot-your-windows-10-computer-from-a-usb-drive/articleshow/70457243.cms

You must reboot your device and boot into the USB. However, windows might not make it easy for you to do that. For UEFI systems, Fastboot or Secure boot might be enabled in the BIOS, which tries to directly boot into the builtin OS and might make it hard to boot an external USB. In that case, you must disable secure boot before moving on. For instructions on how to disable Secure boot, follow this link: https://www.winusb.net/disable-uefi-secure-boot/

6.2 Installation process

Selecting Graphical Install after booting into the USB will make things easier. Most steps are straightforward, until the Partition Disks section.

6.3 Create and install in necessary partitions

Source: https://www.linuxtechi.com/dual-boot-windows-10-debian-10/

You must create at least 2 partitions for a proper installation.

  • Root Partition: This partition mounts the directory named '/', which is also called the root directory (don't confuse it with the directory named '/root', which is the home folder for the user root). It is the parent directory that contains all the other directories. Format this partition as ext4 and set the mount point to /.
  • Swap Partition: This partition generally serves as an overflow space for RAM. To know more, see the following source: https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/swap-partition/

6.4 Configure GRUB

Make sure that you install GRUB on the hard disk containing the partitions. For example, if your root partition is on /dev/sda4, then install GRUB in /dev/sda.

6.5 Check installation after finishing

After installation, reboot and check you can boot into both Windows and Debian. If you can, then boot into Debian and check if you have any issues.

7 Post Installation

Some common post-installation issues are given below. If you have any of those issues, refer to the respective links.

7.1 Windows not detected by bootloader

Source: https://wiki.debian.org/DualBoot/Windows10

Please do not panic! If you followed the steps properly, it is highly likely that windows hasn't been wiped but is simple undetected. Following the steps in the source could resolve this issue.

7.2 Check if WiFi is working

Source: https://discuss.swecha.org/t/installation-of-wifi-drivers/473/2

Install necessary wifi drivers.

7.3 Update sources list

Source: https://discuss.swecha.org/t/sources-list-for-debian-10-buster/945

If you cannot install programs using apt install, updating sources list might solve that issue. Note that sources list is write protected, so you must edit it as root or use sudo.

8 Support forums

Solutions for common issues can be found here

Author: Prabhat

Created: 2020-06-29 Mon 12:51

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